source:momargallery
In 1683, a private collection of natural history curiosities was donated to the University of Oxford. The collection was later opened to the public. The Ashmolean Museum thus became the first permanent public exhibition housed by a corporation.

The act of “opening art to the public” simultaneously closes its definition to the commons; explicitly defining both space and art as exclusive and invulnerable.

As with any establishment – be they media, church or government – the richest of galleries are canonized, to the point where the public’s role and contribution is reduced to passive observer.

If we are to understand that art is the great measure of our culture we must also acknowledge it is owned, valued and defined by ‘the elite.’ We must also recognize then that the term “open to the public” is not an invitation, but a declaration of values. Values that are not our own. And so it has remained for 335 years. Until now.

Welcome to MoMAR. An unauthorized gallery concept aimed at democratizing physical exhibition spaces, museums, and the curation of art within them. MoMAR is non-profit, non-owned, and exists in the absence of any privatized structures.

The first exhibit: “Hello, we’re from the internet” consists of eight artists and will be overlaid on top of existing artworks hung in ‘a museum’ of modern art in New York using Augmented Reality.

Join us on March 2nd for the very first exhibition. If not simply to see the artworks themselves, we invite you to engage in the oncoming conversations and consider the bigger pictures that surround them.

The project is open source, instructions readily available on momar.gallery/opensource and very much open to the public.
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source:motherboardvicecom
A collective of eight internet artists transformed the Jackson Pollock room in the New York City Museum of Modern Art into their own augmented reality gallery—without the museum’s permission.

The collective, which calls itself “MoMAR,” is making a statement against elitism and exclusivity in the art world with its group art installation Hello, we’re from the internet. The eight artists had their own works overlaid on top of seven Jackson Pollock paintings using augmented reality technology. By downloading their MoMAR app, anyone with a phone can see their work.

“Our main idea is to democratize open spaces,” Danjan Pita, one of the artists who goes by Damjanski told me. “The act of being open to the public is a little bit ironic because you still have an elite who is defining what is open to the public.”

Friday, the artists made their way up to the MoMA’s fifth floor two hours before closing. The museum, which was handing out free tickets at the time, was packed full of visitors. While most visitors stuffed in the Pollock room were there to see the American abstract impressionist’s original art, a handful of people were seen holding up their phones using the MoMAR app.

“If we are to understand that art is the great measure of culture we must also acknowledge it is owned, valued and defined by ‘the elite,’’ the group wrote on its website. “We must also recognize that the term ‘open to the public’ is not an invitation but a declaration of values. Values that are not our own.”

While the artists were successfully able to put their app onto the Google Play Store, the iPhone App Store did not accept their app in time for the event. To remedy this, the artists had several backup phones with the app pre-installed so visitors could experience the gallery. They were also installing the app directly onto phones (like mine) from a laptop.

Many visitors without the app were looking over the shoulders of people viewing the augmented reality versions of the paintings.

One of AR installations, created by artist Gabriel Barcia-Colombo, turned Pollock’s White Light painting into an interactive game. In the game, mini skeletons quickly climbed up all sides of the painting like spiders. Players controlled a spinning wheel in the center which they have to use to knock down the scaling skeletons. White Light was one of the last paintings Pollock made before he died in 1956—a key thematic element in Bacia-Colombo’s game.

“I wanted to make an experience that played with the existing form but also commented on the painting itself,” Barcia-Colombo told me. “Since much of my personal artwork deals with memorialization and the afterlife it was perfect that I was assigned one of Pollock’s last works.”

When one loses the game, as I did multiple times, Apple’s rainbow wheel of death appears in between large red texts that reads “PAINTERS BLOCK!!!”

Barcia-Colombo said the paintings worked especially well for AR due to Pollock’s abstract erratic style. All that activity on the physical canvas made it easier for the artists to use the AR technology.

The seven other AR paintings varied in content. The one created by Damjanski, called One: Number 12811912112811950, 2018, presented visitors with a gif that merges the faces of Pollock and Ed Harris—the man who played the artist in the film Pollock.

Damjanski said he came up with the idea while doing research on the artist. When he watched Pollock, it made him realize how many viewers may only recognize historical figures by the actors who portray them in films.

“I started questioning the value of representation and manifested these thoughts in a hybrid character of Jackson Pollock and Ed Harris playing him,” he said. “This new character interrogates the lines between fact and fiction and what’s ‘real’ and ‘fake.’”

The group intends to run, Hello, we’re from the internet for three months. After that they are looking to incorporate galleries from other artists.

“We literally are trying to claim the space,” Damjansky said.

Damjanski said he and his partners are not worried about any retaliation from the museum. The MoMA did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

“They can’t do anything against us,” he said.

The MoMA has several security guards stationed on each floor of the museum. While several appeared confused when they saw visitors using the app, they did not make any effort to stop the AR gallery. In the days since they launched, Damjansky said he has not received any comment from any official associated with the museum.

“It’s funny, because even people who were just visiting MoMA seem to primarily experience the work through the lens on their phones by taking selfies or photos of the work,” Barcia-Colombo said. “Our AR work added an extra layer of digitization by hacking the pre-existing work to reveal the work of artists who are experimenting with a new form.”

The creators also purposely made their app open source as a means of encouraging participation. According to the group, the act of opening spaces to the public is inherently contradictory. Damjanski said he will release an instructional PDF that will allow anyone to make modifications, even if they have no experience coding.

“It’s the first iteration of a set of instructions to give people the power to show their work in any physical exhibition space around the world,” Damjansky said. “This will be an ongoing process because we want to keep it as simple as possible—so we’ll update it probably a lot.”

While the group coordinated for months over the internet, most had not met in person until earlier that week when they assembled at a hackathon at New York University.

The creators said they chose the Jackson Pollock room for several reasons. Since the seven Pollock paintings are permanent installments at the MoMA, they are rarely moved. This allows the artists to create a target space for their AR visuals without having to worry about the painting being moved. The second reason is a bit more intuitive—the room has a bench.
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source:wiredcom
NEW YORK’S MUSEUM of Modern Art is under siege. Well, a virtual siege, at least. A group of renegade artists has co-opted the brightly-lit Jackson Pollock gallery on the museum’s fifth floor, turning it into their personal augmented reality playground.

To the uninitiated, the gallery remains unchanged; Pollock’s distinctive drip paintings are as prominent and pristine as ever. But to those that have downloaded the MoMAR Gallery app on their smartphones, the impressionist’s iconic paintings are merely markers—points of reference telling the app where to display the guerilla artists’ works. Viewed through the app, Pollock’s paintings are either remixed beyond recognition or entirely replaced. One artist has framed a Pollock painting in an interactive illustration of a smartphone running Instagram, allowing viewers to “heart” the work over and over again. Another has overwritten Pollack’s imagery with an artistic interpretation of the many conspiracy theories peddled by Q, a mainstay of the far-right on 4chan. Together, the eight works form a virtual exhibition dubbed “Hello, we’re from the internet,” which uses AR to challenge MoMA’s gatekeepers and museum curators at large.

“When you think that art defines our cultural values, you also have to accept that those values are defined by a certain part of society—call it the elite,” says Damjan Pita, who, along with David Lobser, is the brains behind MoMAR.

MoMA, for its part, has stayed quiet about the app, and did not respond to a request for comment on this story. But the movement is about to go global: Lobser and Pita have heard from artists in Los Angeles, China, Germany, and Serbia, all hoping to use MoMAR’s open-source software to enact virtual takeovers of major museums in their own cities. Meanwhile, in recent months, art enthusiasts in Boston have used AR to “return” stolen artworks to their frames without the holding institution’s cooperation, and, in a particularly meta twist, an artist virtually vandalized a virtual work of art. The potential AR has to shake up the art world is slowly taking shape—and right now, it’s a lawless free-for-all.

Museums have long dealt with unauthorized augmentations of their exhibitions, such as unofficial tours, but technology has opened up new possibilities for activists and art enthusiasts eager to have a part in shaping the museum-going experience. Back in 1991, a project called “Masterpieces Without the Director” distributed cassette tapes on the steps of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, offering an alternative audio guide to the one provided by the Met itself and, as one of its creators told the New York Times at the time, “democratiz[ing] the viewing process.” Even MoMA itself is no stranger to AR interlopers: In 2010, artists Sander Veenhof and Mark Skwarek took over multiple floors of the museum, scattering virtual works throughout its various galleries and inviting visitors to spot them through their then-clunky smartphones. But with tools like Apple’s AR kit and Google’s ARCore have made it easier than ever for developers to build and distribute AR apps, and that newfound accessibility is raising a host of new questions for the art world. Who owns virtual space, and what recourse does a museum have if an outside party “trespasses” on its virtual space? Moreover, is it even in a museum’s best interest to retaliate against unauthorized virtual augmentations—or should they be embraced as a new, if uninvited, tool for visitor engagement?

Some projects, like MoMAR, are explicitly antagonistic to the institutions whose works they’re augmenting. But others fall into more of a grey area that comes from a lack of any precedent for how museums should handle these sorts of virtual intrusions. The latter was the experience of Cuseum, a Boston-based startup that helps museums use technology to boost visitor engagement. Last month, Brendan Ciecko and Dan Sullivan, respectively the startup’s CEO and head of partnerships and growth, used AR Kit to enhance a museum that they had long loved: the Isabella Stewart Gardner museum, a staple of the Boston arts scene. That museum is renowned in part because of what isn’t on display: In 1990, thieves stole 13 works of art valued at $500 million, and to date, the orchestrators of the heist have not been caught. Cuseum had been experimenting with AR for a while, helping the Pérez Art Museum Miami launch its first-ever AR exhibition last winter with funding from the Knight Foundation. In early 2018 when Apple released an AR Kit update that made it easier to work with vertical surfaces, Ciecko and Sullivan were inspired. They could use AR, they thought, to “restore” the missing paintings to their frames.

It just so happened that AR Kit’s new vertical capabilities coincided nearly perfectly with the 28th anniversary of the infamous heist. And so Ciecko and Sullivan scrambled to put together a functional app that would virtually return the stolen works by March 18. They spent hours in the gallery, and, on the weekend of the heist’s anniversary, they published a website featuring previews of the app and detailing how they went about “hacking the heist.”

Local press picked up the story, and by all accounts, the experiment was a grand success. But soon after the anniversary, Cuseum received what Ciecko describes as a “a very surprised inquiry from an individual at the museum that was not very happy about this.” Cuseum had informed the Isabella Stewart Gardner about its plans, and had hoped to work on the project cooperatively; Ciecko and Sullivan had even been given a soft green light by a museum staffer who stopped them in the gallery one day to ask what they were doing, before telling them that they weren’t breaking any rules. But the museum’s less-than-enthusiastic response to the project stopped Ciecko and Sullivan in its tracks. They’d hoped to release Hacking the Heist as an app available for public download. But they didn’t want to burn any bridges. And so, for now, the project is on hold.

Some projects are explicitly antagonistic to the institutions whose works they’re augmenting. But others fall into more of a grey area that comes from a lack of any precedent for how museums should handle these sorts of virtual intrusions.

Ciecko says now he gets a dozen emails a day from people eager to use the app; one person emailed to say that he and his wife met at the Isabella Stewart Gardner museum and were flying to Boston to celebrate, and wanted to see the stolen works. “I had to write back, ‘I’m so sorry, it’s not available to the public, but congrats on your anniversary,” Ciecko says. “It’s a weird place to be, between people being really excited about something and folks on the other side not being as excited. What’s the diplomatic thing to do?” A spokesperson for the museum says that though the Gardner was not involved in Cuseum’s project “the concept of using AR to see something that you can’t actually see while you are visiting the museum (like the stolen works) is something we have been discussing.”

Ciecko and Sullivan may have been crossing their own moral boundary by releasing Hacking the Heist to the public—but they wouldn’t have been breaking any laws, even though they didn’t have the museum’s cooperation. The works are in the public domain, and as long as the app didn’t purport to be sponsored by the museum, Cuseum would have been in the legal clear. MoMAR, too, doesn’t appear to be breaking any laws: As an explicit commentary on museums’ institutional power, it falls pretty squarely under fair use. But the law around AR and art is fuzzy, at best.

“At the moment, there’s no such thing as a recognized right to control the space or virtual augmentations of your work,” says Alexia Bedat, an attorney specializing in AR and VR; however, Bedat adds that existing laws, such as copyright or the Visual Artists Rights Act, may apply to certain augmentations.

“Virtual trespassing” is a new, ill-defined concept, though ongoing class action against Pokémon Go could begin to clarify the legal limits of augmentation—that is, whether it’s legal for someone to place a virtual object on private property. The litigation around Pokémon Go has also brought up the idea that, even if the AR itself doesn’t constitute trespassing, it could prompt users of the app to trespass and cause a nuisance to the unwitting hosts of AR Charmanders and Squirtles. So far, none of the AR intrusions in museums have summoned crowds that could be deemed a “nuisance,” though MoMAR’s gallery opening, hosted on a Friday afternoon (when MoMA offers free admission), did attract some 50 visitors to crowd inside a typically modestly occupied gallery.

Traditionally, the museum experience was one-directional: Curators conceived of and executed an exhibit, which visitors then enjoyed. Now, that’s all starting to change.

Despite the current lack of of clear laws around what can and cannot be done to virtually augment art, museums aren’t entirely powerless. When visitors enter a museum, they agree to whatever rules that institution has set out—no photography, for instance, or no touching the paintings. Museums could begin to add “no AR apps” to their rules, or ban the use of phones outright—though doing so might seem like a step backwards, considering that many museums only recently began embracing smartphones as a way to engage their visitors. Artists, too, could begin negotiating more complex contracts with museums, spelling out what can and cannot be done to augment their works. The latter may become more common as museums follow in the Pérez Art Museum Miami’s footsteps, experimenting with their own AR exhibitions. “There are a lot of interesting IP questions we have to navigate,” says Christina Boomer Vazquez, deputy director of marketing and public engagement at PAMM. “There’s also the issue of respecting the artists that are on view and the impact that [augmentation] would have on that artist and that work. [Augmentation] can alter the whole context and conversation of that artist’s work.”

But so far, the Isabella Stewart Gardner and MoMA have remained quiet about their AR interlopers; neither has tried to take legal action against the unauthorized augmentations. It’s a smart approach. React too quickly, or too defensively, and they might wind up doing themselves a disservice in the long run. AR—no matter the source—could be a great thing for museums, bringing in new visitors eager to experiment with the new technology. It could also pique younger visitors’ interest in older works. But it all comes down to a question of authority. Traditionally, the museum experience was one-directional: Curators conceived of and executed an exhibit, which visitors then enjoyed. Now, that’s all starting to change.

“Museums are obviously striving for relevance, because the world is increasingly splintered and competing at offerings, and a static object finds itself competing for our attention more and more,” says Maxwell Anderson, an art historian and former director at the Whitney, Dallas Art Museum, and other instutions. Exhibitions like the Museum of Ice Cream and the Rain Room at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art rely on interactivity and Instagram-friendliess to draw crowds—and AR is yet another play for engagement. That quest for relevance, Anderson posits, is what’s leading museums to both adopt and be co-opted by AR—and even unauthorized AR intrusions like MoMAR and Hacking the Heist can be a boon for institutions eager to avoid obsolescence.

“From my perspective, it’s not really worth fighting against it, because gravity is not working on our favor,” says Loic Tallon, the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s digital chief. The Met doesn’t currently have any of its own AR projects underway; Tallon says that he doesn’t think most visitors feel that anything is missing from the museum as is, and he wants to be very purposeful in how the museum adopts new technology, lest it winds up doing so just for the sake of novelty. But the Met, too, has experienced AR invasions, such as one project that animated Van Gogh’s First Steps, after Millet, and Tallon welcomes those augmentations with open arms.